Corrections? Because of high casualties among the Union troops, especially the African-American artillerist, the the battle was coined "The Ft. Pillow … After failing to secure the surrender of Union-controlled Fort Pillow in Tennessee, Confederate Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest ordered his men to take it by force. After April 12, 1864, neither Union nor Confederate forces occupied Fort Pillow. Fort Pillow was, in fact, just one of several massacres that Confederates committed against black soldiers that year. It became an issue of propaganda for the Union, and as a … Like the Alamo a generation earlier, the Fort Pillow Massacre became a rallying cry for a people fighting for their independence. The park is open from 8:00 a.m. until sunset and the Museum is open from 8:00 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. seven days a week. En revanche, la question du « massacre » va peser sur la question des prisonniers dans chaque camp et dans les mesures de représailles qui pourraient être mises en œuvre. Il est vrai que les sudistes refusent de considérer les soldats noirs comme des soldats mais seulement comme des esclaves évadés devant être rendus à leurs propriétaires ou vendus à de nouveaux maîtres. Early during the war, the Confederacy saw the necessity for defending against a Union invasion of the south by way of the Mississippi River. Excerpted from Colonel Seabrook's masterpiece, “A Rebel Born: A Defense of Nathan Bedford Forrest,” and with over 20 pages of new material and illustrations, this makes the perfect gift for Forrest fans. Fort Pillow was occupied throughout most of the War Between the States by Union or Confederate forces. While it is impossible to determine how many were killed in the battle as opposed to the massacre, between 277 and 295 Union troops—the majority of whom were African American—were killed in total. By that time Forrest and his staff had arrived in the fort to restore some semblance of order. Between 277 and 295 Union troops were killed in the Fort Pillow Massacre. Il est de surcroît entouré d'un fossé de 6 pieds de profondeur (1,80 mètre)[2] et 12 de large (3,70 mètres). Both are closed Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Expédition de Forrest dans le Tennessee de l'ouest et le Kenctuky. Il forme ainsi un demi-cercle entre le fleuve et un gros ruisseau, Coal Creek, qui s'y jette au nord. The Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12–13, 1861) was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the South Carolina militia (the Confederate Army did not yet exist), and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army, that started the American Civil War. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Forrest’s men quickly gained the upper hand. Colored Troops — who fell at nearby Fort Pillow. The Fort Pillow Massacre occurred after the Union defeat at the battle of Fort Pillow in Henning, Tennessee on April 12, 1864. The action stemmed from Southern outrage at the North’s use of Black soldiers. A 13 heures, les sudistes ont atteint le fossé du fort, où ils sont relativement à l'abri, les tireurs nordistes devant s'exposer pour leur tirer dessus et les canons ne peuvent être pointés aussi bas pour être efficaces. Convinced that Bradford was deceptively using the cease-fire to strengthen his garrison, Forrest informed him the fort would be stormed in 20 minutes. 574 (277 - 297 killed) 100 (14 killed, 86 wounded) The Battle of Fort Pillow was a conflict in the American Civil War that took place on April 12, 1864. L'assaut est lancé et le fort est submergé. Des forces sudistes, positionnées au nord et au sud, près de la rive, les fusillent à leur tour. At 3:30 pm, after hours of rifle and artillery fire, Forrest demanded the fort’s surrender. The fortification was named after General Gideon J. Pillow, a Mexican War hero. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Fort-Pillow-Massacre, Spartacus Educational - Fort Pillow Massacre, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Fort Pillow Massacre, African American Registry - Biography of Fort Pillow. Scholars disagree about exactly what transpired on April 12, 1864 at Fort Pillow, when General Nathan Bedford Forrest captured the fort with his 1,500 troops and claimed numerous Union lives in the process (Wyeth 250). Updates? Colored Light Artillery. In a tragically ironic prologue to the Fort Pillow story, Sherman, the commander of the District of Tennessee, ordered that the fort be abandoned in January 1864—about four months prior to the massacre. After an army expedition against the fort was abandoned, the burden of capturing the position fell to the Western Flotilla, a collection of ironclads and gunboats created by Flag-Officer Andrew … By this stage in the conflict, Forrest had already earned a reputation as a fierce, temperamental, and violent commander who drove his men relentlessly and often issued “surrender or die” ultimatums to his Union adversaries. While not as overblown as the arguments put forward by Wade and Gooch, the interpretations of the vast majority of modern historians convincingly show that a massacre took place. The dismounted cavalrymen easily surmounted the ditches and parapets separating them from the Union defenders. Battle of Fort Pillow is also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, fought on April 12, 1864 on the Mississippi River in Henning Tennessee, during the Civil War. During the Fort Pillow Massacre, on April 12, 1864, Confederate troops killed nearly 200 Black troops fighting for the Union. Likewise, the South soon had its own equally enduring version of the battle. The Battle of Fort Pillow occurred as part of Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest’s spring 1864 raid into West Tennessee and Kentucky, areas held by Union troops. Pour contrer cette menace, les confédérés prévoient, entre autres, de lancer des raids de cavalerie en arrière des lignes ennemies, pour détruire mais aussi récupérer des fournitures nécessaires à l'effort de guerre. The Fort Pillow Massacre, 1864 | "Among the stories of the stormy days of the Republic, few will longer be remembered than the heroic defense and almost utter annihilation of the garrison of Fort Pillow. Although the committee interviewed numerous witnesses and compiled a detailed case that included much valuable testimony, the biases of Wade and Gooch led to a propagandist slant. Battle of Fort Pillow is also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, fought on April 12, 1864 on the Mississippi River in Henning Tennessee, during the Civil War. and the University of West Georgia... Wood engraving depicting the Fort Pillow Massacre. The Fort Pillow Massacre resulted in a congressional investigation that deemed the incident a massacre without parallel, leading to Northern calls for tougher wartime policies toward the South. Although there is controversy about exactly what occurred that day by most accounts it was a massacre of black Union soldiers who had surrendered by Confederate soldiers. Presumably there were women at the fort to help with cooking and laundry. Further heightening an already tense situation, the troops in and around the fort began exchanging insults during the cease-fire. Omissions? Read More. They city bi-passed the state law on removing historical monuments from public land – so they sold it. Fourteen Confederates died. Colored Troops and Battery F, 4th U.S. Named for Confederate General Gideon Pillow, the work had been constructed to protect Memphis. Lt. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest and Fort Pillow: Revised 22 December 2017 December 21, 2017 – Lt. Gen. Nathan B. Forrest’s statue was removed by the city of Memphis, Tennessee to an undisclosed location. La bataille de Fort Pillow se déroula le 12 avril 1864, durant la Guerre de Sécession. DESCRIPTION Yankee historians delight in calling Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest “the Butcher of Fort Pillow,” claiming that he instigated a “racist massacre” of surrendering black Union troops during the battle at Henning, Tennessee, on April 12, 1864. OUR BOOK DU JOUR: Finally, the truth about the Battle of Fort Pillow from the South's perspective! The Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, was fought on April 12, 1864, at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River in Henning, Tennessee, during the American Civil War.The battle ended with a massacre of Federal black troops, some while attempting to surrender, by soldiers under the command of Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest. For its defenders, the lay of the land around the fort combined with the poorly constructed entrenchments and fieldworks made the defense of Fort Pillow difficult. From the beginning of hostilities, the Confederate leadership was faced with the question of whether to treat Black soldiers captured in battle as slaves in insurrection or, as the Union insisted, as prisoners of war. Elle servira même dans la campagne électorale présidentielle de cette année-là. Les troupes confédérées arrivent au matin du 12 avril. The massacre also increased the resolve of Black soldiers fighting for the Union. Watch and find out. Moreover, only 20 percent of the Black soldiers present were taken prisoner, while roughly 60 percent of the white troops present were captured. Il est parfois désigné sous son ancien nom : Les compagnies ont été levées en décembre et janvier. Ouvrages sur la Guerre de Sécession en général, étudiant cette affaire : De nombreuses photos de l'état actuel du Fort Pillow sont visibles à cette adresse : Le rapport du Congrès des États-Unis, exposant la vision "nordiste" de l'affaire, sur le massacre peut-être consulté à cette adresse : La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 25 mars 2021 à 04:04. On the 12th day of April, 1864, the Federal forces stationed at Fort Pillow, Tenn., consisted of one battalion of the Sixth U.S. Final attack and massacre. Bâti sur une petite éminence au bord du fleuve[1], c'est un ouvrage en terre destiné à abriter des batteries tournées vers le fleuve (elles sont dimensionnées pour 40 canons. Union forces occupied Fort Pillow on June 6, and used it to protect the river approach to Memphis. Fort Pillow Written by John Cimprich; 2 minutes to read. Les fédéraux récupèrent le fort, évacué par les sudistes, sans combat. On 12 April, Confederate Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest … It served to harden the resolve of African American soldiers, and “Remember Fort Pillow!” became their battle cry. These pieces were placed outside the fort at the beginning of the battle, but were soon moved inside the fort where wooden platforms were hastily erected adjacent to two open embrasures. Gen. Gideon J. Pillow. The massacre became a rallying point for enslaved people fighting for their freedom, and it hardened the resolve of Black Union soldiers, who used “Remember Fort Pillow!” as their battle cry. Used by both sides during the war, it was a trading center until 1864, when Gen. Nathan Forrest began an assault on April 12. Like most Radical Republicans, Wade and Gooch advocated for tougher wartime policies toward the South. Late in the spring of 1861 Confederate troops from Arkansas built a battery at the site to control a bend in the river. Affrontement mineur de ce conflit, il est cependant bien connu par la polémique qu'il a … In 1864 Conferderate General Nathan Bedford Forrest gave orders to his all white army battalion to pursue and kill re=treating African American troops from the Union north at Fort Pillow, Tenn. 10 to Unionforces, Confederate troops evacuated Fort Pillow on June 4, in order to avoid being cut off from the rest of the Confederate Army. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Pick up our bestselling book: "Nathan Bedford Forrest and the Battle of Fort Pillow: Yankee Myth, Confederate Fact," by award-winning Southern historian, Forrest scholar, and Forrest cousin, Colonel Lochlainn Seabrook. This battle was part of General Forrest's West Tennessee raid that culmunated in the Battle of Fort Pillow. Overestimating the support he would receive from Union ships and wishing to confer with his officers, Bradford requested a one-hour cease-fire. Brief but jam-packed with information long suppressed by the North, this book is the final word on the Battle of Fort Pillow. Battle of Fort Pillow. Sur le papier, les troupes confédérées représentent 2 divisions. Further sensationalizing what was already a brutal episode would bring validity to their desired policies. English: The war in Tennessee : Confederates massacre Union soldiers after they surrender at Fort Pillow, April 12th, 1864. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. 274 Trail Markers 71 Battlefields 31 Historic Parks 168 History Sites. When the city fell to Union forces in June 1862 it was abandoned and occupied by the Federals, who improved upon the defenses. April 1864 Battle at Fort Pillow. The battle at Fort Pillow, located near the Mississippi River about 50 miles north of Memphis, was a bloody slaughter of a mixed Union garrison. The Fort Pillow State Historic Park preserves the site of the Fort. The battle took place at Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River on April 12, 1864. En 1864, les nordistes ont réussi à prendre le contrôle du Mississippi, coupant en deux le territoire de la Confédération. Initial attack. Profitant des reliefs et du couvert de la végétation, les sudistes peuvent faire pleuvoir une grêle de balles sur les défenseurs qui ne peuvent s'en protéger. Cf. Most of them were Black. Son nom est celui d'un général, Gideon J. Pillow, qui s'était illustré lors de la guerre contre le Mexique. Despite contradictory evidence, it is clear that in many instances Forrest’s men killed African American soldiers who were attempting to surrender. Union Maj. Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, in command in West Tennessee, initially obeyed and then disregarded his superior’s directive, evacuating the fort in January but then ordering it to be reoccupied in February. The Confederate Army then stormed the fort and easily won the battle. Preparing for this eventuality, the Confederate commander ordered a detachment of his men to the northeast end of the fort to block the possible landing of Union troops. While the fort consisted of some 2 miles (3.2 km) of defenses, the Union troops had taken up position in an inner redoubt within the larger fortification. 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